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ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืคืชื—ืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœืžืขืฆืžื” ื™ืžื™ืช

ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ-ื“ืœื™ืฆืงื™
14.01.2019
ืžื‘ื•ื
ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืœ ืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™ ืชืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ื‘"ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฆืจื™ื". ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ืจื ื“ื™ื•ื–ื™ืช ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืจื—ื‘ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ, ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš 35 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ("ืžืขืงืฃ ืื™ืกืžืขืœื™ื”"), ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืงื”ื™ืจ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“.  

ืคืจืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืคืจืฅ ืกื•ืืฅ. ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, "ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืฉื˜ื—"[1] ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืงืฆื‘. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018.[2] ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืคืจืกืžืชื™ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืืคืจื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืคืจืฅ ืกื•ืืฅ.  

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื™ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื ื•ืฉื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืžื”ืœืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืงืžื” ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื. ื™ื•ืฆื ืื ื›ืŸ , ืฉื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ! ื ืžืœื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžืกื›ื ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืืฉื•ืจื, ื ืœืš ืื—ื•ืจื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื. 

ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื 
ืœื”ืœืŸ ืงื˜ืข ืžื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœ"ื (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ื’.ืฉ[3], ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืชื•:

• ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืจืืœ ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืข'ื ื™ ืืœึพื’ืžืืกื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ื“ื•"ื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 73 ืฉืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. 

• ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืŸ ื’ืžืืกื™ ื›ื™: "ื”ื ื™ืžื” ืฉืฉืœื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืจื ื-ืฉื™ื—' ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื” ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉื ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืฆืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืื‘ึพืืœึพืžื ื“ื‘ - ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื ื›ืœ ืœืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื›ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืื™ืจืืŸ". 

• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื˜ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ืงื•ืฉ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืื‘ื• ืจื•ื“ืก ืœืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ืื™ืœืช.

• ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืœืคืจื•ืก ืžืื– ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 73 ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ (ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื—ืชืช ื•ืฆื•ืœืœืช) ื‘ื ืžืœ ืœื•ื‘ื™, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืชื™ืื•ืžื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกื•ื“ืืŸ ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืชื™ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืคืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื (ื–ื•ื’ ืžืฉื—ืชื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ื’ ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช) ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ืžื•.

• ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ ืžืฉื—ืชืช ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืœื ืžืœ ืœื•ื‘ื™. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื’ื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื• ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื”. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœืžืคืงื“ื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช. ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš, ืžืฉื™ืžืช ื—ืกื™ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืœื•ื‘ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“.

• ื”ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื ืคืจืกื• ื‘ื™ื, ืืš ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืืชืจ ื›ืœ ืื ื™ื™ืช ืกื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ืืจืฆื”. ืžืฉื—ืชืช ืžื“ื’ื "ืกืงื•ืจื™" ื ื™ืกืชื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื™ืžื”, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ 2000 ืง"ืž ืžื‘ืกื™ืกื. ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ื•ืจื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืืฉ, ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ืช ืกืขืจ 4 (ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ) ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื™ ืžืœื˜ื”), ื”ื•ื ื—ืชื” ื”ืžืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืœื•ื‘ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื”.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืœ"ื ื’.ืฉ ืฉืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืชื™ืจื” ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2018 ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืžืจืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื“"ืจ ืืฉืจืฃ ืžืจื•ืืŸ ("ื—ื•ืชืœ"; "ื”ืžืœืืš") ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 05.10.1973. ืžื“ื•"ื— ื–ื” ื•ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”:

ื‘ึพ02.10.1973 ืฉืœื— ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืกืื“ืืช ืืช ื“"ืจ ืืฉืจืฃ ืžื•ืจืืŸ ืœืœื•ื‘, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืื ืฉืœื™ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื™ืžื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ืœื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื”. ืืฉืจืฃ, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ืœื ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื•, ื ืกืข ื‘ึพ04.10.1973 ืœืคืจื™ื– ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื• ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื“, ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ืžื™ืจ. ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืขืจื‘ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” (05.10.1973) ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ "...ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื ืžืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืจื•ืง [ืœื•ื‘], 36 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืชืงืคื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื—ืชื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืจื•ืง". 

ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”"[4] ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืชื"ืœ (ืžื™ืœ') ืืœื™ ืจื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: "...ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืกืื“ืืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื ืžืœื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืงื•ื“ืžื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ: ืกืคื™ื ืช "ืกืขืจ 4" ืคืขืœื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช "ืกืขืจ 2" ื•"ืกืขืจ 4" ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืื’ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ ื”ืื™ ื›ืจืชื™ื. ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื“ืœืงื• ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื—ืจ. ื‘-22 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉื—ืชืช ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืžื“ื’ื "ืกืงื•ืจื™", ืืš ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืืฉ, ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช. ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื•ื”ืกื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืžื™ืงืฉ ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ (ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื’.ืฉ), ื•ืฉื™ื’ืจ ื›ืžื” ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคื“ื• ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช "ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ". ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื“ื• ืืžื ื ืœื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืžื›ืœื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืจืžื– ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. 

ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 46 ืฉื ื” ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืชื™ื›ื ืŸ ื•ืคืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื.  

ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืคืข ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืจืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›- 700 ืง"ืž. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื”"ืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื ืžืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“, ื‘ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ, ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ื’, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉืืจื ืึพืฉื™ื— ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืขื’ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจื ืึพืฉื™ื— ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืคืจืฅ ืกื•ืืฅ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื• ื–ื ื™ืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืžื–ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžืขื’ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืžืขื’ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื”ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืงืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืื‘ื• ืจื•ื“ื™ืก ื•ื‘ืœืขื™ื. ืืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื“ืจื•ื ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื”ืžืขื’ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื-ื˜ื•ืจ. 

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืจื› ื™ืฆืื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ื›ืื–ื•ืจ ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื ื‘ื ื” ื ืžืœ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืœื—ื” ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืžื–ืจื— ืœืขื™ืจ ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื ื—ืคืจื” ื–ืจื•ืข ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ืืฉืจ ืงื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ื ืžืœ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืชื ื•ืขืช ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืกื•ืืฅ, ื ืกืœืœื” ืžืกื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ. ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ื—ืฆืชื” ืืช ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ื‘ืง"ืž ื”-68 ื‘ืคื™ืจื“ืืŸ ื‘ื’ืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ึพ2001 ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ึพ380 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื•ืช (ื›ึพ100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ). ืžืงื• ืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉืงื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื ืžืœ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืงื• ืžืกื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ. ื›ืš ื–ื›ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช. 

ืจืงืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ึพ1,800 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ (ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื™ื ื™), ื‘ื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžึพ10 ื ืžืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸึพืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื) ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื ืžืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื“ื™ื’, ืœืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื•ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜. 

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืจื› ื™ืฆืื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ื›ืื–ื•ืจ ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸึพืœืื•ืžื™. ืื—ื“ ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืชื— ื’ื ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื ืžืœ ืกื•ืืฅ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื ืžืœ ืขื“ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืื–ื•ืจ ืขื™ืŸ ืกื•ื—ื ื”, ื”ื ืžืฆื ื›ึพ40 ืง"ืž ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื•ืืฅ. ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•, ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืกืื“ืืช, ื ืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื ืคื˜ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ืฃ ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื”.[5] 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2007-2010 ื—ืœื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืชืคื ื™ืช ื—ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ[ ], ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืืœื• ื›ืœืœื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื”ื›ืคืœืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™[ ]. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื ืžืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื (ืจืื” ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœื”ืœืŸ). ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ืืจื› ื”ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2011 ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขืœื” ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ืžื•ืจืกื™. ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉื›ืœืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื•ืืฅ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ืžืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื‘ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012 ื–ื›ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืกื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื ืžืœ ื–ื”.

ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2012 ืžื™ื ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืกื™ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ ืืœึพืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™, ืœืฉืจ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ืœืžืคืงื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืจื› ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืื’'ื”, ืื‘ื• ืงื™ืจ ื•ืจืืก ืืœ ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ื—ืœ ื’ื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื-ื ื’ื™ื™ืœื”, ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“ ื•ืจืืก ื‘ื ืืก. 
 
ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื[8]
ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืกื™ ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืืจื›ื• ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ืขื‘ื“ ืืœึพืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™, ืชืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2014. ืกื™ืกื™, ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ึพ3 ื‘ืžืจืก 2016, ื™ืฆื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ "ืžื’ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฆืจื™ื". ื‘ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื–ื• ื ืžืกืจื• ื’ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื, (ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืฉื ื™ ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื),ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ:

ื. ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ (ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ืžื•ืจืกื™). ื ืžืœ ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื ืžืœ ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™. 

ื‘. ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ืึพื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืกื™ื ื™, ืœื ืžืœ ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™.

ื’. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ืžืœ ืœืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื ืžืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“ (ืกื™ื ื™).

ื“. ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืœึพืขื“ื‘ื™ื” (ืžืฆืจื™ื).

ื”. ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืกื—'ื ื” (ืžืฆืจื™ื).

ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื – ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช? 
ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ึพ200 ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื•ืืจืš ื‘ื›ึพ1,150 ืžื˜ืจ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืคืจ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื–ื— ืฉืื•ืจื›ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ื™ื•ื ืœ-420 ืžื˜ืจ. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื— ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืื™ื˜ื™.  

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ืข"ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ืžื•ืจืกื™, ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ื›ื ืžืœ ื•ื›ืขื•ืจืฃ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืกื’ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”, ื”ืคื›ื” ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื”ืืกืคืงื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื”: ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช "ื›ืฉืจื•ืช" ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืจืคื™ื—, ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉืง ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืื™ ืื—ืจ, ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืจืคื™ื—. ืœื ืื•ืคืชืข ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื›ื™ ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ ื‘ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ื ื˜ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘"ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช" ื”ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช. ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ืืœ ืขืจื™ืฉ. 

ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”: ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื-ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ืืžืช[10] ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืง ืœืจืฆื•ืขื”, ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืจื‘ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช. ื’ื ืืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ "ื”ื›ืฉืจ" ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื—ืกื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื—ืžืืก ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืžืื•ื“. 

ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื™, ื›ืš ืฉืžืืœื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื‘ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ? ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช, ืืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืื– ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2014 ืžืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช. 

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืžืืžืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืคืจืกืžืชื™, ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื“ื—ืชื ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืขื™ืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื‘ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ืชืฉืจืช ื’ื ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื•ืชืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช.   

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืชื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2019, ืขืช ืคื•ืจืกื ืฆื• ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื[11] ื”ืžืคืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ื ืžืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ "ืืœ ื’ื–'ื™ืจื”"[12] ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช "ืขืงื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืกื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื™", ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื‘ื“ ืืœึพืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™ ืคื™ืจืกื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืกื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืš "ืขืงื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”". ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืงื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืื“ืžืชื ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื”ืœืš ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ืžืชื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ืฉืœื• ื’ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืคืชื—ืช ืจืคื™ื— ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ[13] ืฉื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื ื”ืจืกื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืœื ืชืžื•ืจื”.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2019 ืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืœ ืืœ ืขืจื™ืฉ, ืฉืžื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื ืžืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’, ื—ื“ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื. ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ ืคื•ื ื• ืžื”ื ืžืœ ืœืืชืจ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข. ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฆื• ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืคืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ:

• ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ "ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืงืจืงืข ืื• ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืœืžืขื˜ ืืชืจื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ืฆืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”".

• "ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ, ื•ื”ืงืฆืื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืžืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 371 ื“ื•ื ื".

• ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ (ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”) ืชืžืžืŸ ื•ืชื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืžืœ ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ, ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ืžืœ.

ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ืžืœ, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ื“ืขืชื•. ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืœื ื’ืจืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืœื”ืืฆืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืœืชื™ื™ื. ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืงื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ืœืฆื‘ื ื•ื’ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช. 

ืคืจื•ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘: ื ืžืœ ื-ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืžืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืœึพืขื“ื‘ื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืก'ื—ื ื” ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื ืกืคื— ื'  

ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื ืžืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™
ืžืื– ืฉืชืคืก ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ ืืœ ืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™, ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกืข ืจื›ืฉ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™. ื”ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžึพ260 ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืœืขื•ืžืช 65 ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™) ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืชื™ ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืžืกื•ืงื™ื, ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“[14]. 

ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืชืืจ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”ื”: ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ (ืึพื ื’ื™ื™ืœื” ื•ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“) ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื (ืจืืก ื‘ื ืืก). ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื•ืงื ื‘ืืœ ืขืจื™ืฉ. ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื”ื ืžืœ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ืฉื‚ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืคื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื. 

ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืจืื• ื ืกืคื— ื‘'.  

 ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ืžื™ื–ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืžื™ื–ื ื–ื” ื•ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ืžืฆืขื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœืžืขืฆืžื” ื™ืžื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื–ื, ืœืžืขื˜ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืžืœ ืึพื˜ื•ืจ, ืงืฉื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ืœืžื™ื–ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ. ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื–ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืกื—ืจ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื•ืœืื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืงืฆื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืœืื™ื˜ืŸ. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืžืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืื“ื‘ื™ื” "ื ืกื—ื‘ื•ืช" ื’ื ื”ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื, ืืš ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืื™ื˜ื™. ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืชื™ ื™ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื•ื”ืื ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื’ืฉืžื• ื•ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืžืคื ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืจืขื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. 

ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืคื ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื ืžืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ึพ78% ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืฉื ืช 2010. ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื, ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืฉืชืื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื•ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื ืžืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžืชืงื ื™ ื—ื•ืฃ ืจื‘ื™ื. ืžืืœื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื™ื”, ื—ืกืจืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืชืง ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืจื›ืฉ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืขื ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื‘ืื”.

ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืžืขื™ื˜ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื™ื–ื ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ. ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช. ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื“ืขื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื™. ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื›ื•ืฉืœื™ื ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœืฆืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืงื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืคืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ืžื™, ืื‘ื™ืข ื”ืคืขื ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืžื•ืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืœื ืกื™ืคืงื” ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื—ืกื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ืœื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื™ืžืช ื—ืกื™ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื•ืฆืขื”. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื”, ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ "ืžืชื™ื—ืช ืคื ื™ื" ืข"ื™ ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืจื›ืฉ ื›ืœื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืจื•ื‘ื "ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”" ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. 

ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2007-2010, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืจื›, ื—ืœื” ืชืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื ืคืœื”, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืื’'ื”, ืื‘ื• ืงื™ืจ ื•ืจืืก ืืœ ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืจื› ื”ื•ื“ื— ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืกื™, ืžื™ื•ื“ืขื ื• ืขื‘ื“ ืืœึพืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื” ื ื“ื‘ืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืžืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื-ื ื’ื™ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“ ื•ื‘ืจืืก ื‘ื ืืก.  

ืžืื– ื™ื•ื ื™ 2014, ืขืช ืกื™ืกื™ ืชืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขืžืœ ืœืœื ืœืื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื• ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืงื”ื™ืจ – ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ. ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืขืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืช) ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื—ื“ื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืคืฆื™ื. 

ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืืœื™ื• ื ืขืจืš ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื - ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืœื•ื—ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ืื• ืื™ืจืŸ "ื ื•ืœื“ื•" ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ืŸ:

ื. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.

ื‘. ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื ืกื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฉื˜ื—ื.

ื’. ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ

ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื–ื•, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื: 

ื. ืืœื•ืฃ (ืžื™ืœ') ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜[15] ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ "ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืื™ื ื” ืœืงื— ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืžืชืขืฆื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆืžื” ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘"[ 16]

ื‘. ืืœ"ื ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก ื’.ืฉ ืกื‘ื•ืจ:.."ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ืžืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ืื™ื ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืจืง ืœืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื (ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืž/ืืœ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ) ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ "ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื" ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ , ืžืฆื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื” ื•ืœื•ื‘. ืื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืžื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019) ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉืœืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืœื•ื‘ ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ 'ืžื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื' ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ"...

ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืคืงืคืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื‘ืคืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืจื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื ืฉืงืฃ ืœืฉื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ืจื•ื ืืช ื ืชื™ื ื™ ื”ืืกืคืงื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืื™ืœืช, ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืœื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. 
  
ืื ื™ ืžืชืจืฉื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ื•ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื. 

ื”ืขืจื” ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื 
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืœืขื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืชื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ืจื”ื‘. ืชื"ืœ ืจื”ื‘ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื, ืคื™ืงื“ ืขืœ ื˜ืจืคื“ื•ืช ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืœ"ื’ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืกืคืŸ ื™ื. ืžืื– ืฉืคืจืฉ ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช, ืขื•ืกืง ืจื”ื‘ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืงืคืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืช.

ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืกื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืงืœ 23 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ , 2019
ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื
ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ืžืืžืจืš ืž-23.12.2019
ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ืžืืžืจืš ืž-23.12.2019 ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžืชื™, ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื™.

ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืžืขืฆืžื” ื™ืžื™ืช, ื•ื›ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ื ื•, ืืš ืœืขื•ืฆืžื” ืึพืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. 

ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” - ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืืœื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืคืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื ื—ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™.

ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืงืจื™ืช. ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืขืœืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื’ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืœื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”. ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื›ืคื™ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืชื“ืœื•ืง, ืชืกืคื•ืง ื•ื’ื™ื—ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื—ื•ืคื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ื ืฉืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืกื’ืจ ื™ืžื™. 

ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ืืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื‘ืืœ ื ื’ื™ื™ืœื” ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืขืฆืžื” ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœ ืฆื™ ื”ืกื•ื—ืจ ื•ืžื—ืœื™ืฉื” ืืช ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. 
ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืชืžืฆื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื—ืกื•ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ - ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ืืชื‘ื“ื”. 
ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืชื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ืจื”ื‘

ื ืกืคื— ื' – ืคืจื•ื˜ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื
ื. ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ืึพื˜ื•ืจ. ื‘ืคื‘ืจ' 2016 ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ึพ400 ืžื˜ืจ. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืคืจ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ืœื™ 2018). – ืจืื” ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœื”ืœืŸ. ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™, ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื ืžืœ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื. ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืžืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™[17], ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช – ืžืื– ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืœ ืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™ ืชืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื – ืžืชืขืฆื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื•ืืฅ. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื ืžืœ ืึพื˜ื•ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. 

 ื‘. ื ืžืœ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜, ืžื–ืจื— ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“. ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืขืœื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื ืžืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื ื—ืคืจื” ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›-4.7 ืง"ืž ื•ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื›ึพ550 ืžื˜ืจ. ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืขืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019, ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื ื•ืชืจ. ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ื–ื”. ื”ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ ืื• ืžืงื•ื ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื ืคื˜ ื‘ื• ืชืคืจื•ืงื ื” ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืชืŸ ืœืžื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ, ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจ/ื™ื™ืžื›ืจ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืœืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืืชืจ ื•ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœื•.  

ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฆืจื™[18] ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืงื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 12 ืื™ื ืฅ' ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืกืขื™ื“ (ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“?) ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื™ ื”ื ื–ืœืช ื”ื’ื–[19] ืฉืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืคื•ืจื˜ ืกืขื™ื“. ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื• ื”ื’ื– ื”ืžื•ื ื–ืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื”ื ื–ืœื” ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื ืคื˜ ื‘ืžื•ืกื˜ืจื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื”ื™ืจ. ืงื• ื”ื’ื– ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืชืคื•ืงืชื• ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™[19].  

ื’.ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืœึพืขื“ื‘ื™ื”. ื‘ืืœึพืขื“ื‘ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื•ืืฅ ื™ืฉื ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื ืžืœื™ื (ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ื): ื ืžืœ ื“ื™ื’ ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื“ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคื˜ืจื•ึพื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื ืžืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ึพื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™. ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011, ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืจื›, ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2019 ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™.  
ืื ื™ ืžืฉืขืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฆื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืžืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™. ื”ืฉืขืจืชื™ ื–ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื, ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™.  

ื“. ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื ืžืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืกื—'ื ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืช 2005 (ืื™ืŸ ืชืืจื™ืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ), ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืจื› ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืกื•ื—'ื ื” (ื›ึพ39 ืง"ืž ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื•ืืฅ) ื ืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื’ื ื™ื. ื”ืžืขื’ืŸ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืืช ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš. ื”ืžืขื’ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื˜ืขื™ื ืช ื“ืœืง ื•ืœืคืจื™ืงืชื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2016 ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืคืœืช ืžืขื’ืŸ ื”ื ืคื˜ (ืจืื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœื”ืœืŸ). ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2019 ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื•, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ืื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœื”. 
ื ืกืคื— ื‘' – ืคืจื•ื˜ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื 
ื. ื ืžืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืœึพื ื’ื™ื™ืœื”. ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ืืœึพื ื’ื™ื™ืœื” El Negaila)) - ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ึพ70 ืง"ืž ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืžืจืกื” ืžื˜ืจื•ื— ื•ื›ึพ135 ืง"ืž ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื-ืœื•ื‘ - ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ื ืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื ื‘ื ื” ืžื—ื ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 2X4 ืง"ืž ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ึพ12 ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืืจื‘ืข ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืกื’ื“, ืžื—ืกื ื™ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื•ืื’ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“. ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™, ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื ืžืœ ืฆื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018, ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.

ืจื™ื—ื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืžืขื™ื“ื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื›ื™ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืœื—ืกื™ืžืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื’ื ืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ื˜ืœ, ื›ื ืจืื”, ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœื™ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. 

ื‘. ื ืžืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“ ืžื–ืจื—. ื‘ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœืขื™ืจ ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“ ืžื•ืงื ืžืื– ื™ื•ื ื™ 2016 ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ื ืžืœ ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื–ื—ื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ. ื”ืžื–ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ึพ900 ืžื˜ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื–ื•ืจื–. ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ืขื” ืง"ืž ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœื ืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืกืขื™ื“. 
ื’. ืžืขื’ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืื‘ื• ืงื™ืจ. ืžืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018, ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืื‘ื• ืงื™ืจ, ื›ึพ24 ืง"ืž ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœืžืจื›ื– ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื”, ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื’ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื˜ืจื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื•, ืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ืžืขื’ืŸ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื“ื’ื "ืžื™ืกื˜ืจืœ" ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ืžืฆืจืคืช. ื–ื”ื•, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื•ื‘ืžืขื’ื ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื’ื ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ื• ืงื™ืจ ื ืžืฆืืช ื’ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™. 
ื“. ืžืขื’ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ืจืืก ืึพื˜ื™ืŸ – ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2017 ื—ื ืš ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืึพืกื™ืกื™ ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืจืืก ืืœ ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื”. ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื ืžืœ ื”ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ึพ85X90 ืžื˜ืจ. ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ืžืœ ื ื‘ื ื” ื’ื’ ืขื ืžืชืงื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ืข, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ "ืฉืœื™ืคืช" ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื•ืœืœืช ื•ื”ืกืขืชื ืœืžื‘ื ื” ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 105X116 ืžื˜ืจ. 
ื”. ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืกืคืื’'ื”. ืกืคืื’'ื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืกืื“ืืช ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืฉื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืžืคืงื“ืช ื–ื™ืจืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืžืขื’ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™, ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ: 

1. ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืง"ืž ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื™ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืกืคืื’'ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื— ื‘ืื•ืจืš 520 ืžื˜ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืช 2011 ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ืžื–ื—ื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ึพ240 ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื”ืื—ืจ, ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืืœื™ื•, ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ึพ370 ืžื˜ืจ. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015, ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™. 

2. ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™. ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืกื ื™ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ืชืชึพืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ื•ืžืื’ืจื™ ื“ืœืง ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ืžื–ื—ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืœื”ื˜ืขื ื”/ืคืจื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืืคืกื ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™.

3. ื”ื•ื›ืคืœ ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืงื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื‘ืกืคืื’'ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžืคืงื“ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. 

4. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ 15 ื‘ืžืจืก 2013 ื”ื•ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื›ึพ 17 ืง"ืž ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื™. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2017. ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 60%, ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื—ื ื” ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืงื•ืžื ื“ื• ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ื’ื“ื•ื“.

5. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2016 ื”ื•ื—ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืื’'ื” ืžืื’ืจ ื“ืœืง ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืชืชึพืงืจืงืขื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช ืฉืœ ื›ึพ120 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืจ ื“ืœืง. ืžืื’ืจ ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2017, ืžืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช ืฉืœ ื›ึพ60 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืจ ื“ืœืง ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1972. ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืกืื“ืืช, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืืคื’'ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื. 
ื•. ื ืžืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจืืก ื‘ืื ืก. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื‘ื ื” ื ืžืœ ืฆื‘ืื™ ื‘ืจืืก ื‘ื ืืก, ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื, ื›ึพ92 ืง"ืž ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื-ืกื•ื“ืŸ. ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจืš ืฆื‘ืื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ: ืžืื’ืจ ื“ืœืง ืชืชึพืงืจืงืขื™ ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืจ, ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฆื‘ืื™, ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ ืงืจืงืข-ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืžืชืงืŸ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืœื˜ื™ืœื™ ืงืจืงืข-ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื• ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื— ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžื™ืฆืจื™ ื‘ืื‘ ืืœ ืžื ื“ื‘. ื”ืžื™ื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช "ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ" ืฉื—ืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืคื“ื• ืžืฆืจื™, ืœื ื ืคื’ืขื”, ืืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื” ื’ืจื ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืื™ืœืช ื•ืœืงืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ื ืคื˜ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. 

ืœืื—ืจ ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2016 (ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง), ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจืืก ื‘ื ืืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™. ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืžืฆื ื›ึพ8 ืง"ืž ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœื ืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืžืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื–ื”ื” ืœื ืžืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืึพื ื’ื™ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื•ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื— ื‘ื ืžืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ึพ900 ืžื˜ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™. 

ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืจืืก ื‘ื ืืก ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉื. ื’ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืจ ืืœ ื—ืžื”-ืกื•ืœื•ื, ื”ื ืžืฆื ื›ึพ110 ืง"ืž ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืžืœ ื”ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืึพื ื’ื™ื™ืœื”, ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื“ื”. ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืืจื‘ืขืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ืœื™ื’ืช ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืงื•ืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืจืืก ื‘ื ืืก ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™.

ื–. ืขืœ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืžืœ ืืœ ืขืจื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื›ื ืžืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืกืงื” "ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื".

ื”ืขืจื•ืช
[1]. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืจื™ืงืช ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ,ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”. 
[2]. ื“ืงืœ, ื'. ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™ – ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™. 
[3]. ื’.ืฉ, ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืคืงื“ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืจืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืงื“ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืงืจ ื ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”.
[4]. "ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”", ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืจื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืžื•ื“ 421, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, 2017
[5]. ืงื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืขื™ืŸ ืกื•ื—ื ื”-ืกื™ื“ื™ ื›ืจื™ืจ ืฉืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื” (ืงื• ืกื•ืž"ื“).
[6]. ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืœื” ืชืคื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช. ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืื ื™ ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื ืชื— ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”
[7]. ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจืฆืืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื " ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื" ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ: 
https://youtu.be/VEkK6X_n2X0
[8]. ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ "ืžื’ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฆืจื™ื" ืžืืช ื“"ืจ ืื—ืžื“ ืื‘ื• ืืœึพื—ืกืŸ ื–ืจืื“ ืžื™ื•ื 03.04.2016
http://www.sis.gov.eg/section/337/4683?lang=en-us
[9]. ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืจืื•ื•ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืึพืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืคื™ื— ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช (ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช) ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื’ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืชื—ื™ ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.
[10]. 17.07.2019 https://nziv.net/26434/
[11]. 2019 http://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A
[12]. ืจืื• ืžืืžืจื™, "ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืกื™ื ื™: ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื›ืคืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื” ืืœึพืขืจื™ืฉ" 14.05.2019 https://nziv.net/23633/
[13]. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืจืื• ืžืืžืจื™ "ืคืจืง 13 – ืžืฆืจื™ื ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื™ื, ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื›ืฉ" ืžืืคืจื™ืœ 2018.
[14]. ืžืคืงื“ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004-2007. 
[15]. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืฉืื‘ ืœืื•ืžื™" ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช "ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช" ื‘ืœื•ื“ ื‘ึพ22.03.2018
[16]. ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื/ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™
[17]. https://egyptoil-gas.com/news/mashreq-petroleum-to-establish-pipeline-to-transport-oil-from-port-said-to-the-mostorod-refinery
[18]. ื’ื– ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื—ื™ืกื”
[19]. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช (ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 12 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ) ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื“ืœืง ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”.



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ืงื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ืžืฆืจื™ื,ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ,ื—ืงืจ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
By ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ-ื“ืœื™ืฆืงื™ 18 Mar, 2024
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืžืื– 2004 ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ื ื™. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014, ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื˜ืœื˜ืœื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื“ ืืœึพืคืชื— ืึพืกื™ืกื™, ื”ื•ืืฆื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืกืจ ืคืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืจื›ืฉ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ึพ12 ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื“ื—ืง ืืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ึพ18. ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืคืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืชืขืœื” – ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืฆื‘ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™. ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื – ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืฆื‘ื ื”ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ –ืžื–ืžืจื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช: ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ื™ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืื“ืžืช ืกื™ื ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืื™ื‘ื” (ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ืกืช "ืฉืœื•ื ืงืจ") ืžืชื—ืžืžื™ื, ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืฉื›ืขืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืจืกืžื•. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืงื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉืงืจื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื–ื• ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื ืœื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ืงื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ื™ืช ื”"ืฉืœื•ื" ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืขืž
ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื,ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ, ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื—ื“ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ,ืขื™ื“ื• ื˜ืื•ื‘ืจ,ืขืจื•ืฅ 14,
By ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื•ืขื™ื“ื• ื˜ืื•ื‘ืจ 12 Mar, 2024
ื‘ืžืฉื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ืฅ 14 ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘12 ื‘ืžืจืฅ ื–ื•ืžื ื• ื“ื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื ื•. ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื” ืžืจ ืขื™ื“ื• ื˜ืื•ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืกื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ, ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืงืœ, ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 2020 ื—ืœื” ื”ืจืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืžืื– ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงืจืืช ื—ื“ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ. ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ (ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืช'ื™ื) ืžืื™ืฆื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”. ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ืจืขื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ืœื•ืžื ื™ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื ื›ืฉืœ, ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื – ื–ืืช ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ ืขืœื™ื”. ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืงืœ. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCWV8foh7fI
Research Department (Aman),Geospatial Intelligence,Eli Dekel,ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ, ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืืž
By ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื•ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืจื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 10 Mar, 2024
ืžืจ ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ืืชืจ "ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื" ืงื™ื™ื ืกื“ืจืช ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื•ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืจื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ื›"ืœ. ืคืจืง ื’' ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ืคืจืง ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™, ืชื•ืš ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืง ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื–ื”, ื‘ืจืงื™ื—ืช ื”"ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ" ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื—ืงืจ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ื–ื ื™ื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืชื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”"ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช". ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2024 ื ืขืจืš ืชืžืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœืŸ:
ืืกืฃ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ,ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืžืฆืจื™ื,ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื,ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
By ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืงืœ 28 Feb, 2024
ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœ ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืžืื– ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืžืขื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ("ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ") ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื•ืฆื‘ื ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ื›ืœื™ืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื–ื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืืฃ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืคื ื˜ื–ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ืขื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœืœื• ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืคึผึดืจึฐืฉืึฐื ื•ึผ ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื›ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ ืœ"ืขืฉื•ืช ืงื•ืคื”" ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื–ื”, ื›ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืจืคื™ื— ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ "ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™" ื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืขื–ื” ื•ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืฉื”ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืคืจื˜, "ื’ื™ืœืชื”" ืœืคืชืข ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื—ืœื” ืœืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื–ื”. ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ" ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ "ื™ื•ืžืŸ" ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืฆืจื™. ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืขืชื ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช
ืืจื ื•ืŸ ืกื’ืœ,ื‘ื•ืขื– ื”ืขืฆื ื™,ื“
By ืืจื ื•ืŸ ืกื’ืœ, ื‘ื•ืขื– ื”ืขืฆื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ืงื™ืŸ, ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืืจื™ ื•ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืงืœ 20 Feb, 2024
ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ "ืขื•ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ" ืคื•ืจืกื ืžืืžืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ืืจื ื•ืŸ ืกื’ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ื”ืื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื". ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ืžืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: ืžืจ ื‘ื•ืขื– ื”ืขืฆื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ืงื™ืŸ, ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืืจื™ ื•ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืงืœ-ื“ืœื™ืฆืงื™. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื–ื•.
ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ,ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ,ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื,ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช,ืžืชืงืคืช ืคืชืข ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ื˜ ืžืฆืจื™ื,ื˜ื ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘
By ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื•ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ 18 Feb, 2024
ืžืจ ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื ื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ "ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื", ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืกื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืžืชืงืคืช ืคืชืข ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ื“ืงืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›-720 ื˜ื ืงื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ืงืœ, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื“"ื› ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื—ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžืชืงืคืช ืคืชืข ืžืฆืจื™ืช. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืืชืจ "ื“ืงืœ - ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืงืจืงืข" ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ: https://www.dekelegypt.co.il/
ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ,ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ,ื”ืงืžืช ืžืฉืžืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืงืžืช ืžืฉืžืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
By ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืงืœ ื•ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ 17 Feb, 2024
ืžืจ ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื ื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ "ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื", ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืกื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืชื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ. ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืœื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืชืชืื™ื ืœืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
By ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื•ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ 16 Feb, 2024
ืžืจ ืืœื›ืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื ื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ "ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื", ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืกื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื” "ื›ืคื” ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื. ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชืžืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื›ืžื” ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”
ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ,ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืžืฆืจื™ื,ืžืชืงืคื” ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื,ืฉืื•ืœ ืจื–ื ื™ืง
By ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ืจื–ื ื™ืง 12 Feb, 2024
ืฉืื•ืœ ืจื–ื ื™ืง ืžืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ Newsru.co.il ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช - ืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืงืจ ื“ืงืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื’ื ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื•ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื” ืžื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• "ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื".
ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืžืฆืจื™ื,ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ,ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™,ืฆื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™,ื˜ื ืงื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื™.
By ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื“ื‘ ืื™ื™ื›ืœืจ ื•ื“ื ื” ื‘ืฆืœืืœ 11 Feb, 2024
ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ื• ืžืจ ื“ื‘ ืื™ื™ื›ืœืจ ื•ื“ื ื” ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืจืื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืกื"ืœ (ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก) ืืœื™ ื“ืงืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืœื”ืงืคืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืงืœ ืฉื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื›ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ื•ื ื—ืชื™ืžืชื• ื•ื˜ื ืงื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืกื›ื, ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื˜ืขื ืชื•, ืฆื”"ืœ ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™.
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